Discussant assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussant - Assignment Example So as to build its income and pull in more clients, the voyage line brings to the table longer term of their travels. The travels ought to have alternatives of one to a quarter of a year so as to fledgling contenders who are likewise in the game. The stock costs of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings are excessively high, subsequently constraining investors (Baldwin 8). The offers should be reasonable so as to pull in more clients. The organization ought to likewise improve its administrations so as to pull in better financial specialists and to make them purchase the stock without considering share costs (Baldwin 20). As indicated by client audit did on the voyage transports, the Carnival Corporation PLC had the most surveys. In any case, these audits showed that they are not the best with regards to consumer loyalty (Baldwin 12). Looking at the travels Royal, Carnival and Norwegian, the client audit was 78%, 73% and 70% separately (Baldwin 12). This shows Carnival doesn't offer the best client care in the voyage transport industry. The customers’ surveys of NCLH are the most unfortunate contrasted with their adversaries. This implies the voyage line should offer better client support and be progressively well mannered so as to keep up the devoted clients and pull in new clients (Baldwin 4). The lodge group individuals ought to be obliging and can tune in to the clients. Likewise, suppers offered on travels ought to be improved to empower clients notice it right away. Diversion on board is significant and ought to be an assortment for the individuals to pick (Baldwin 10). Representative fulfillment could improve their administrations to the clients a lot. Consistently, representatives have the right to be treated with deference and took care of their obligations well to empower them convey the hierarchical objectives (Griffin 300). A cheerful representative methods a glad client and an upbeat client rises to faithfulness and in this manner the development of the organization. Also, NCLH

The Gift Of The Magi A Continuation free essay sample

Exposition, Research Paper THE GIFT OF THE MAGI It was one hebdomad from Della? s thirtieth birthday celebration and Jim didn? Ts have sufficient cash to buy her a present. ? Indeed, ? Jim thought, ? on the off chance that I wear? Ts have a ticker so for what reason would it be a good idea for me to have a connection for one? ? Along these lines, he sold his ticker connection so as to hold cash for Della? s these days. ? Presently, what do I buy Della? ? he asked himself. ? I think I? ll go to the swap meet and articulation for something, since one little corroded old link won? T buy me extremely much, ? Jim expressed as he began siting his bicycle to the market. At the market Jim discovered numerous things, some actually sensibly and costly, some actually sensibly and reasonable, and some only plain appalling things that had been at that place for some time and ever would be until they were inevitably distracted. ? Omigosh, is that DDDDeeDDDe # 8230 ; ? ? Jim stammered in astonishment. Be what he had seen existent? Or then again would he say he was simply jumping to choices? Was that genuinely the hair that Della had sold only 2 mature ages prior? It was, and Jim believed that Della would perhaps like it back, so he got it for 2 pennies and he was so cheerful and he thought he had the best present anybody could ever give their better half. ? Presently, ? Jim thought, ? will this be an utile blessing, and I wear? t mean in a couple of mature ages, this clasp I need to secure it right, ? So Jim thought for two yearss legitimately. At last he concocted an idea, ? I? ll do it into a wig, a miss can neer hold to numerous wigs. ? So he went to the wig store, which regularly only made those white meshed wigs that all the of import work powers wore, yet the wigmaker made an avoidance in light of the fact that Jim was an old buddy and all things considered, it was for a misss birthday. The wigmaker asked, ? It is safe to say that you are sure Della will wish this present, I mean it is rather lopsided, and Della? s hair has just developed twice every piece long as this. However, wear? T gain me inaccurate, I? m non looking to be impolite, I mean, great I think I? ll simply procure began this wig directly off, OK, bye. ? So Jim left, accepting that the wigmaker was a little out of his head that twenty-four hours. The accompanying twenty-four hours, which was the twenty-four hours before Della? s birthday, the wigmaker called Jim. ? Hi, Umm, did you want this wig colored, or left red? Furthermore, I can? t do a wig that fits except if Della? s caput is estimated, what will you never really out without inspiring her instincts? ? Jim addressed temperamentally, ? Well I surmise I? ll simply need to that? s all, and of class non, Don? T you dare color that wonderful shade of hair, it? s the prettiest I? ve ever observed. ? The wigmaker answered, ? Alright, however I despite everything need to cognize her caput size actually without further ado so as to finish the chapeau, are you sure you like that shading? ? ? I? m non moronic, what I state I need is the thing that I need. Presently, I will pass on the measurings over each piece without further ado as I get them, ? Jim answered discourteously. ? Della, ? Jim answered, short of breath from running all the way to the shop and dorsum to buy a tape step, ? I request to obtain your measurings for something, might you be able to come here? ? Della obeys accepting perhaps another gown as a these days. ? What estimations do you require, nectar? ? Della replied in her best voice. Jim said? I have to gain your caput size for something, that? s all. ? ? Indeed, Okay, ? Della answered amazed from the start, thus understood that she must procure a chapeau for her birthday. In this way at the wig store. ? There, it? s all completed ; make you like it Jim? ? asked the wigmaker. Jim stated, ? It? s incredible, wear? t you think? You wear? t articulation to secure with it? ? The wigmaker answered, lying, ? It? s extraordinary, after all it? s the thought that matters, isn't that so? . ? ? Certain thing Phil, great, g otta travel, tomorrow? s Della? s birthday, are you heading out to be at that place? ? ? Certain Jim, I? ll be there. ? Said the wigmaker. It is Della? s birthday, all of Jim and Della? s companions are at their place, and she starts to open nowadayss. She will be opening Jim? s these days preeminent. ? I wonder what it could be? ? Della claims, rather happily. She unfastens the string, cautiously fixes the aureate wrapper paper, opens the case, and simple takes out the tissue paper, piece by piece. ? I? m genuinely left, ? she says as the main piece buoys to the floor. ? I can scarcely pause, I realize it will be incredible, ? she says as the second tissue is lifted up. ? This is the last one, it? s it? s # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; it? s a wig! ! ! ? Della cries out loud and upset. ? It is only a bit of foul old hair, more awful yet it? s individual else? s who could hold sources. How challenging you, you, you? Jim yells back, so as to be heard by the blast of Della, ? My Sweet, it? s your extremely ain hair, the hair where you trim off to buy me a Christmas these days, doesn? T that mean anything to you? What's more, I thought it was the possibility that tallied. ? However, Della was to disturbed to tune in to ground. She yelled at him, ? I despise you, I genuinely loathe you. How challenging you give me a useless shred, secure off from me, I neer need to see you again, I? m pressing and go forthing tomorrow! ? As she got done with talking she ran into her dozing room, bolted the entryway, and dropped onto her bed, yelling her eyes out. Della left the accompanying twenty-four hours, non in any event, expressing farewell to Jim. Jim was sorrowful. He got off out of disgrace for being so dum. For the accompanying 30 mature ages he kept the wig, which had been tossed back in his face by his adored, and he grieved his misfortune. He pledged that on the off chance that he could ever se Della again, he could do up for his idiocy. It is 34 mature ages after Della left Jim. Jim had prior been going the state, lastly settled in Della? s place town, believing that some time or another she too much would return. Fortunate for him, she returned, for her 64th birthday. She needed to pass it with her sibling, David, and his family. David and Jim had been companions ever since they met when Della and Jim began seeing one another. David is the manner by which Jim had been keeping up beware of where Della was. At this point, Della was old, dim, with short appalling hair. On Della? s birthday, Jim appeared, with the wig camouflage in a container. Della opened the entryway and solidified, paralyzed. ? Jim, it, it? s been for such a long time, what are you doing here? ? Della asked shakily. Jim answered, ? All things considered, I have neer overlooked you Della, I despite everything love you and trust you could pardon me. ? ? In reality, I shouldn? Ts have been as unfeeling to you as I might have been, yet, that was a dum move, ? Della said. Jim expressed regretfully, ? It was a moronic these days all in all, however would you take it now? It kinda fits the situation better Wear? T you think? In any case, I am non indicating that you look monstrous now, If I gave you this I wouldn? T need you to have on it if your just around me on the off chance that you didn? T privation, since I wear? t think you? ve transformed the slightest bit. ? Jim says, taking the crate from behind him and passing it to Della. She opens it, and it? s the old wig, yet cleaned and prepped of class. Della stammers, ? I, I, I wear? T comprehend what to state. I love it, and it? s valid with me other than. I have neer cherished any other individual be that as it may, you. ? Jim asks, ? Della, will you get hitched me? ? ? Truly, goodness indeed, of class I will get hitched you. ? Della says as she puts on the old wig. Della and Jim lived joyfully ever after, until 2 mature ages along these lines when the two of them passed on together in a horrendous auto crash.

Qualification Handbook free essay sample

Level 3 and 4 Awards in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) (6302) October 2011 Version 1. 0 Qualification initially Subject region City Guilds number Age bunch endorsed Entry necessities Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector 6302 19+ There are no conventional passage prerequisites. Students are required to have proof of level 3 professional aptitudes for the zone in which they will instruct on the off chance that they are to advance into educating in the Lifelong Learning Sector (LLS) This capability is accessible at levels 3 and 4. The two levels are to be evaluated by a mix of assignments (gave) and perception of instructing/preparing. Recreation (miniaturized scale educating) is allowed for units 003 and 010. Accessible (see area 2 Center prerequisites) Mark Signature 60 City Guilds Level 3 and 4 Awards in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) (6302) Form 2 Assessment front sheet and input record PTLLS Level 3/4 This structure is compulsory Theory Assessment No: Learner name: Enrolment number: Date gave: Date submitted: I affirm that the proof for this unit is genuine and my very own genuine portrayal work. We will compose a custom article test on Capability Handbook or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Student signature: Date: Feedback: Continue on a different sheet if essential, see overleaf Tutor/Assessor/Marker and IQA’s marks (IQA whenever tested) must be show up on the accompanying page. City Guilds Level 3 and 4 Awards in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) (6302) 61 Feedback: (Continued from past page) Marker/Tutor/Assessor name: Resubmission date (whenever alluded): IQA’s name (whenever examined) Grade Date 62

Art Coursework Writing Service from BookwormLab.com

Art Coursework Writing Service from BookwormLab.com Art Coursework Writing Service from BookwormLab.com Art coursework is a very interesting but at the same time challenging task to accomplish. It largely affects you grade and that’s why it requires a lot of hard work and effort. It is important that you put all your minor activities aside while working on GCSE art coursework and make it your ultimate priority. GCSE Art Coursework Writing Tips Don’t procrastinate! Procrastination is the biggest problem of all students! Develop a habit of doing a little piece of work every day. This way your writing process will be organized and scheduled. Use library sources as well as Internet. Remember that many library resources are not available online. That’s why it’s worth spending a few hours there in search of relevant materials. Consult with your advisor whenever you have any questions regarding your work. Having chosen art as one of your GCSE subjects means you expect your future career to be related to it. That implies having to work extra hard on this coursework. Plagiarism is forbidden in all kinds of papers you write in school or college. And in art it is usually very easy to identify a plagiarized work. So don’t steal anyone’s ideas and work on the paper on your own. Start working on your coursework as early as possible. Have a friend proofread your paper before you submit it. You may also use the services of Boowkormlab.com to have it proofread by a professional writer. Online Writing Help: How does it Work? Online writing services came into being to help struggling students get through their difficult academic assignments. Ever since it became possible to order a paper online students have been extremely happy and grateful. We’ll explain how to order a paper at.com. There are 3 easy steps to it: Place an order, mention the title of your coursework, the academic level, the number of pages and the deadline you need it by. Provide all the details regarding your order and upload any additional files the writer may need during the writing process. Proceed with the payment. Please remember, that the writer cannot start working on your paper, be it art or chemistry coursework unless your order has been paid. As you can see, ordering a coursework online is very simple. So why not give it a try today? Who Writes These Papers? Bookwormlab.com has a team of professional writers that are experts in all areas of study. You may be sure that your GCSE art coursework will be completed by an art professional experienced in the field. Also, all our writers are native English speakers residing in the US, Canada or the UK, that’s why you should not worry about the level of language being used in your paper. Coursework Help by.com Have you realized that you can’t complete this assignment on your own? The best choice then is to order it at.com. With us you may be sure to get a top-quality paper exactly on time. We recommend that you order your coursework in advance, allowing several days before the deadline in case some revision is needed. If you have any questions, our customer care agents will be happy to answer them any time give us a call, we work 24/7!

Crocs A Value Chain of Success Essay - 1818 Words

Introduction In 1913 Henry Ford designed and implemented a new strategy to meet the needs of his customers by revolutionizing the automotive industry and manufacturing process. By September 1927, Ford had transformed all steps in the manufacturing process from refining raw materials to final assembly of the automobile which significantly reduced assembly time per vehicle, lowering costs, while increasing productivity (AAM, 2003). Managing and innovating productivity while understanding the business core competencies is just one way operations management ensures a competitive and differentiation advantage. Since Henry Ford’s innovative processes, many business strategy models have been designed to give customers†¦show more content†¦Therefore, buyers would place their pre-orders early in the year and manufactures’ would produce a finite quantity of a product prior to the seasonal sales. Once placed, there was little ability to add or change orders during the sea son. The limitations of this strategy had left retailers and consumers with little value and lost opportunities. As such, Croc’s new leadership needed a new approach to this dilemma. The value chain is a useful tool for strategic analysis of a defined sequence of activities that exist in almost any organization. Furthermore, the purpose of a value chain strategy is to identify those business activities mismatches and to optimize these linked-activities to better understand the organizations competitive advantages (Robbins Coulter, 2012). There are various models of a value chain and therefore it is mostly tailored to the specific strategies of organizations processes. Managing these strategies falls upon the value chain management personal. Whereby taking a multi-dimensional look at the various activities which go into producing a final product or service and developing new value enhancing processes within the chain (Robbins Coulter, 2012). The Value of Change A production and supply chain model can take on various designs as needed to address organizational requirements. The primary value chain asShow MoreRelatedEssay Value Chain Management - Crocs Case Study1257 Words   |  6 PagesCrocs splashed onto the scene in 2002 with brightly colored plastic shoes that the whole family could wear. From preschoolers to doctors, these shoes appealed to a vast array of consumers. The reason for Crocs’ success can be attributed to their value chain development. Value chains exist to enhance value created at every step of the manufacturing process, from raw materials to final product disposal or reuse (â€Å"Value Chain,† n.d.). The sequence of this chain gives the customer high value for a lowRead MoreCrocs Case Study1443 Words   |  6 PagesCrocs made a splash in 2003 when they introduced their funny looking, brightly colored, plastic clogs that the whole family could wear (Hoyt Silverman, 2008). By 2007, the c ompany reported $847 million in revenues (von Briesen, 2009). From preschoolers to doctors, these shoes appealed to a vast array of consumers. The reason for Crocs’ success over the past few years can be attributed to their value chain strategy in which customers ultimately had the power (Robbins Coulter, 2009). Value chainsRead MoreEssay about Value Chain at Crocs, Inc.977 Words   |  4 PagesThe first impression one might have about Crocs products are that they are basically plastic looking shoes that are comfortable and readily available. Customers familiar with this product boast, like on the company website, about the company’s proprietary closed-cell resin, Crosliteâ„ ¢, a technology that gives each pair of shoes the soft, comfortable, lightweight, non-marking and odor-resistant qualities(Company.crocs.com, 2011). There are also various comments about how the material does notRead MoreCrocs Case Study Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesCrocs emerged in 2003, quickly growing in both scope and profitability as a result of its unique value chain management system. Foregoing traditional models, Crocs quickly acquired and established a world-wide network of supply, manufacturing, production, and delivery systems. This gave Crocs the ability to minimize costs, maximize efficiency, and deliver the best value to their customers. Within this customer-focused framework, Crocs created a unique global value management system, superior inRead MoreEssay about Crocs Case Study1385 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket was valued at $196.6 billion and projects that figure to grow to 232.1 billion by 2013. How can firms such as CROCS or ECCO succeed in this global market? Datamonitor points out that this industry is highly competitive and that rivalry between firms is strong. A key success factor for the footwear industry is the successful development and management of a profitable supply chain. Different firms take different approaches to this issue. Neilsen points out that several large players such asRead MoreWhat Are Crocs Core Competencies?1448 Words   |  6 PagesMy fellow students and I were asked to answer four questions related to the Stanford Graduate School of Business Case: GS-57. The Case title â€Å"CROCS (A): REVOLUTIONIZING AN INDUSTRY’S SUPPLY CHAIN MODEL FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE† presents how the Crocs Company changed the footwear industry. The following is the questions and answers relative to this assignment. 1. What are Croc’s core competencies? Investopedia defines core competencies as â€Å"the main strengths or strategic advantages of a businessRead MoreCrocs Case Study1351 Words   |  6 Pages The history of Crocs can be roughly summed up as three friends that pursued an idea and it worked. Crocs established in 2002 after three friends took a fishing trip to the Caribbean. Lyndon â€Å"Duke† Hanson, Scott Seamans and George Boedecker, were so impressed with the slip-resistant foam shoes, they decided to sell the Canadian produced clog shoes manufactured by Finproject NA out of a leased warehouse in Florida. The friends choose the name Croc to â€Å"capture the amphibious nature of the product.†Read MoreCrocs Organizational Structure1788 Words   |  8 PagesRunning Head: Crocs Crocs Jess R. Vasquez Colorado State University – Global Campus ORG 500 Foundations of Effective Management Jama Bradley, Ph.D. 21 November 2009 Abstract Crocs Inc., was founded in 2002 and immediately realized success. The company had a great idea and moved quickly to capitalize upon it. Early in 2006 the company entered into its IPO, it too was a huge success. â€Å"At the height of the real estate market, in 2006, the company sold shares to the public, raising more than $200Read MoreCrocs Shoes Itself in Global Supply Chain2868 Words   |  12 PagesBy: Hanan Alzayied KMBS student-Kuwait-July2012 Crocs Shoes itself in Global Supply Chain Abstract: Crocs, Inc. is a U.S. based shoe designer, manufacturer, and retailer that launched its business in 2002 selling Crocsâ„ ¢ brand casual plastic clogs with straps in a variety of solid, bright colors, Crocsâ„ ¢ introduced an innovative shoe made of a revolutionary material called Crosliteâ„ ¢ technology which held unique characteristics that allowed it to perform on both land and in water. TheRead MoreCrocs Case1955 Words   |  8 PagesQuestion 1: One of Crocs core competencies is a highly responsive supply chain. How does this give Crocs the advantage over its competitors? And, describe the three phase supply chain development strategy that Crocs used to achieve their flexible supply chain. To satisfy its mission and comply with growing consumer demands, Crocs has built a strategic business concept around maintaining flexibility to offer retailers timely fulfillment while capitalizing on the efficiencies and cost advantages.

Vietnam The Most Unpopular War - 1061 Words

The longest war in American history, Vietnam, was also the most unpopular war. It resulted in nearly 60,000 American deaths (www.digitalhistory.uh.com). Even today, many Americans still ask whether the American effort in Vietnam was a sin, blunder, a necessary war, or whether it is a noble cause, or an idealistic, if failed, effort to protect the South Vietnamese from totalitarian government (www.digitalhistory.uh.com). The reason the United States got involved was to prevent the spread of communism. For centuries the Vietnamese people resisted being controlled by their powerful Chinese neighbors. They struggled to unify their country as an independent state. Ultimately they freed themselves from China s claim for control of political authority and achieved national unity only to fall victim to French imperialism (Anderson 1). French ruled Vietnam and neighboring kingdoms as colonies from the nineteenth century to the twentieth century. Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia during Wo rld War II influenced the Vietminh war against the French in 1945. September 2nd, 1945, Ho Chi Minh declares independence from French rule shortly after Japans surrender from World War II (www.history.com). France s rule over its colony was incredibly brutal and exploitative (Anderson 6). French colonialism deprived the Vietnamese of their political independence, and it impoverished many of the Vietnamese people (Anderson 7). Many villagers lost their lands and became low-paid plantationShow MoreRelatedVietnam War : The Longest And Most Unpopular American War1059 Words   |  5 PagesVietnam War The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular american war of the twentieth century (Mintz S. S. McNeil). Resulting in roughly 58,000 american deaths and 2 million vietnamese deaths, the twenty year war was a long and bloody battle that not only impacted the soldiers, but many civilians as well (â€Å"Vietnam War†). â€Å"It’s estimated that 70,000 to 300,000 Vietnam Veterans committed suicide and around 700,000 veterans suffered psychological trauma† (Rexy). Starting in (debateably) 1955Read MoreThe Vietnam War and Iraq1029 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Vietnam War, between 1955 and 1984, fifty-eight thousand Americans lost their lives, as well as over three-million Vietnamese lost theirs. The financial cost to the United States comes to over one hundred-fifty-billion dollars. The causes of the Vietnam War were derived from the symptoms, components and consequences of the Cold War. The Vietnam War revolved around America’s belief that communism w as a threat to expand all over South East Asia. With this being said the Vietnam War was bothRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War877 Words   |  4 PagesAnother big difference in this war was that the Vietnam War was had more disapproval and was more expressive within the American public, unlike the Korean War. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT started in the 1960s this group was never enacted until this era. There was not a group like this in Vietnam, but there were many groups that opposed the war. The main object of these revolts was the American military presence in Indochina. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT caused an influence not only socially, but also in the realmRead MoreWhy the United Sates Became Increasingly Involved in the Vietnam War1383 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Vietnam War The United States became involved in the war in Vietnam for many reasons. The main reason of which is the Cold War. No fighting between the two countries actually took place due to both countries owning nuclear weapons which were used as a deterrent but got at each other by involving themselves in the issues of other countries that had a knock on effect on each other. The Cold War was a war that initiated between the US and Russia after World War twoRead MoreA Brief Note On The World War II1076 Words   |  5 PagesAn Impactful Event in History The Vietnam War was one of the longest and most bloody conflicts that the U.S. became embroiled in during the years between 1955 and 1975, lasting almost two decades. The war would change the way that young people saw their nation emerging from World War II and would help define the 60’s and the 70’s as times of turmoil and change, socially and politically(Anderson 181). After World War II, France reclaimed French Indochina from the Japanese, attempting to reassertRead MoreThe American Reaction to Involvement in Vietnam Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Reaction to Involvement in Vietnam In the early 60s, most Americans were very ignorant about Vietnam. They just saw it as a little concern. They were an extremely confident nation who had never lost a war to date, and whose resources were limitless. So they naturally assumed that all their weapons and firepower would ensure victory in a couple of months. Patriotism was very strong in America at that time. Many people remembered the McCarthy trials of theRead MoreCommitment Trap1030 Words   |  5 PagesWith regards to Vietnam under Kennedys presidency, there are many arguments both for and against the idea of commitment trap, Kennedy certainly escalated military involvement in Vietnam but did he have a choice? Or had his predecessors committed him in Vietnam long before he came into the Whitehouse? There is no doubt that Johnson was the one who fully placed ground troops in Vietnam in 65 and created his legacy of Johnsons war, but did any of the previous presidents give him any other optionRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1545 Words   |  7 Pageslost. For example, during the Vietnam War, Presidents of the United States made many unethical decisions, which only further exacerbated the war. The war occurred from 1965 through 1968 in mostly Vietnam, but also in Laos and Cambodia. The war was fought between the communist North Vietnam and their communist allies and South Vietnam, supported by the US and a few other countries. The Viet Cong, the South Vietnamese communist insurgency, fought mostly a guerilla war against the anti-communist forcesRead MoreExploring the Reasons for United States Withdrawal from Vietnam1258 Words   |  6 PagesExploring the Reasons for United States Withdrawal from Vietnam America withdrew its last troops from Vietnam in 1973 but troop numbers were being reduced since 1969 after the election of President Nixon on a pledge of Peace with honour. Eight years earlier in 1965 president Johnson had committed the nation to war with general support from the population who had come to fear communism. America was committed to Trumans policy of Containment of communism therebyRead MoreA Justifiable War Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesA Justifiable War Was the booby-trap theirs or ours? And his question was the answer.-Bryan Alec Floyd. Throughout history there has been a countless number of wars. Some in the name of God or some other holy figure, others have been for noble things such as freedom, and some have been for simple things such as money and land, but for which one of these issues is it justifiable to lead men to their deaths for? When talking of just causes of warfare within the last thirty years many

Missionaries and Education in Bengal Essay Example For Students

Missionaries and Education in Bengal Essay Nineteenth Century Missionaries and Education in Bengal: An Analysis of Historical LiteratureThis paper is about how missionaries implemented education and how their reforms reflected the cultural, political, religious, social, and economical situation of Bengal throughout the years of 1793-1837.Michael A. Laird is clear to state that missionaries did not actually arrive in Bengal until around 1800. However, it is important to analyze the educational climate of England from whence they came. It is true that the state of education in both Bengal and England was in bad need of reform. Even so, Laird argues that although both places had a network of institutions of elementary, secondary, and higher education, Bengal was in greater need of reform.Elementary teachers were reported as ill-qualified and harshly disciplinarian.Secondary teachers were described as â€Å"much superior in intelligence.† However, they failed to exert any more of a moral influence over their pupils than th e former.Some of the pandits, or teachers, of Indian higher education, were more moral and intellectual than the former. Education in this realm entailed many subjects, but learning was slow, nonetheless.Another important factor to add to the backdrop of the educational scene was the decline of the entire educational system. There was next to no funding, obstinacy to modern scholarship, and no longer any creative thought.As a result, people were learning without passion under the thumb of their apathetic teacher who would not hesitate to discipline the smallest mistake. Laird does state that the English system of education shared some of the same problems. He states that one of the greatest areas of concern in Bengal was the inaccessibility to new modern knowledge such as new medical findings, scientific innovations, and modern social thought.These would be the tools that would unshackle the Indian from his prejudice, religion, and social orientation which would effectively reform t he society as a whole. Laird describes the period between 1793 and 1813 as â€Å"a kind of prologue to the great outburst of educational activity which immediately followed.† In 1793, William Carey arrived in Calcutta. He was the first missionary to make a lasting and significant contribution to the education of the people of Bengal.Immediately he took analyzing the educational situations of the indigo-plantation of which he was superintendent. He wrote a plan of reform that apparently did not come to fruition until the foundation of Serampore College in 1818. It was not until 1813 that a Charter Act was passed legalizing missionary work in East India Company Territory. The Act not only forced the East India Company to allow missionary activity, it committed the Company to pay for the missionaries’ educational reform. Therefore it christened a new era â€Å"full of possibilities for missionary educationalists.† Laird divides the discussion of the development of mission schools between 1793 and 1823 into two chapters. The first focuses on the transformation of educational thought and procedures that took place during that time. Between these years, the interest switched from the study of the ancient languages, Persian and Sanskrit, to English. Also, the missionaries emphasized that a sound education must start with teaching the pupils effectively to read and write their mother tongue. Bengali was, then, implemented as the medium of learning, making education more accessible while mixing English thought into Bengali culture. It is important to note the change in educational practices, as well. Missionaries were interested in conversion. That is they wanted pupils to think and analyze, not just memorize. Through these means, the missionaries believed that the Hindus and Muslims would then logically see the faults of their religions and the Truth of Christianity. Laird suggests, that missionaries acted as â€Å"instigators of an intellectual awakening, or even revol ution† because they taught Hinduism, Islam, as well as Christianity, challenging pupils to analyze each. This was effective in appealing to the parents of the students who might have felt that Christianity would be forced. Although parents were not at all open to Christianity or conversion therein, they were open to the education that the Westerners had to offer. Missionary schools were mostly conducted with the educational principles of Lancaster and Bell who were secular educationalists from Europe. Christianity was supposedly only to be presented in the comparative arena during ethics class. However, missionaries were hopeful that the general attitude and conduct of the school would create an atmosphere of conversion for the Indian people. The second of Laird’s chapters on the development of missions schools between 1793 and 1823 focuses on missionary publications, teachers, caste and class, secular contributions, and relations between missionaries. One of the most significant contributions of the missionaries during this period was their compilation of textbooks, for both the introduction of the ‘new learning’ of the West in the Bengali education system, and the improvement of methods of teaching reading, writing, and arithmetic.The missionaries were also responsible for the publication and circulation of the first Ben gali newspaper ever to be published, the Samachar Darpan.They also published an educational magazine, the Dig Darshan, that presented history, astronomy, geography, and ethics to the Bengali people in English and Bengali.As there was little available to read during this time, these publications were extremely popular. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to the missionary educationalists in Bengal was the lack of qualified teachers.Laird explains the difficulties that the missionary educationalists encountered in finding and training suitable teachers. They were generally of low social status and from the pre-existing system of education. The missionaries had to overcome competition from the traditional indigenous schools. In general, they found it difficult to implement their ideology of open discussion and free thought among traditional Indian educators. There were attempts to cultivate new teachers, mainly by Robert May. Unfortunately, his attempts ended in failure as the teacher-traine es were more interested in learning English than in teaching. A most interesting dynamic of the missionary schools, was that pupils were mixed in caste and were of the same class as those who attended the pathsalas.The pupils were then placed in categories based on their merit. As a result, sometimes the boy of inferior class would excel a brahmin. According to the missionaries, this was ideal because it taught in practicality the Christian creed that God created all men equal. Interesting furthermore is a missionaries report stating, â€Å"no wish has ever been expressed by the brahmins to be formed in a separate class; nor do we recollect a single instance of a brahmin youth’s having left the school in disgust because associated with soodras.†Laird concludes his book praising the missionary educationalists for drawing the first comprehensive schemes for education in modern times.He goes on to acknowledge the width of their curriculum as unfounded even in the contempo rary schools of England.Furthermore, Laird states that â€Å"the missionaries came to play the leading part in the early nineteenth century in introducing the people of Bengal to the elements of modern knowledge.†He commends the missionaries usage of Bengali as the chief medium of education, giving impetus to the ‘Bengal Renaissance.’He also mentions their success in printing the greatest number of textbooks before 1837.Overall, Laird attributed much success to the missionary educationalist movement in Bengal of 1793-1837.However, he did end his book with a conflicting statement which rebuked the missionaries for their â€Å"bigotry and prejudice† regarding Hinduism, Islam and all other creeds other than Christianity. Furthermore, he mocks the missionaries’ implementation of education for the broadening of heathen minds without keeping their own minds open.This striking statement confused the lector as it seemed to contradict the attitude of the res t of the book. Children of the City EssayAbhijit Dutta describes the obstacles and misunderstandings of missionaries in dealing with Hindu religious practices and superstitions. Four conversions of the Derozians at Hindu College by Dr. Duff. Ferdaus Ahmad Quarishi Describes Indian social and political changes induced by Christian activity in the North Eastern Hills of S. Asia. Benoy Bhusan Roy and Pranati Ray describe the role of Christian Missionaries for the Education of Women as Failure. Bibliography:BibliographyLaird, M.A. Missionaries and Education in Bengal: 1793-1837. London: Oxford Press, 1972. Oddie, Geoffrey A. Missionaries, Rebellion and Proto-Nationalism: James Long ofBengal 1814-87. Surrey: Curzon Press, 1999. Sen Gupta, K. P. The Christian Missionaries in Bengal: 1793-1833. Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1971. ______________________________Dutta, Abhijit. Nineteenth Century Bengal Society and Christian Missionaries. Minerva: Minerva Associates, 1992. Quarishi, Ferdaus A. Christianity in the north eastern hill of South Asia: Social impactand political implication. Dhaka, Bangladesh: University Press, 1987. Roy, Benoy Bhusan. Zenana Mission: The Role of Christian Missionaries for the Education fo Women in 19th Century Bengal. Delhi: ISPCK, 1998.